Posts tagged Politics past

Gordon Brown rejects criticism from former military chiefs over defence spending

Prime minister says former chiefs of defence staff Lord Guthrie and Lord Boyce are wrong to say military budget was insufficient for two wars

Gordon Brown today rejected criticisms from former military chiefs who accused him of starving the armed forces of funds when he was chancellor.

The prime minister also claimed it was “incredibly unfair” of Conservatives, including Sir John Major, the former prime minister, to accuse him of using a visit to troops in Afghanistan as a party political stunt ahead of the general election.

Sparks flew in the Commons chamber yesterday when David Cameron took Brown to task over comments by two former chiefs of defence staff – General Lord Guthrie and Admiral Lord Boyce – who branded his evidence to the Chilcot inquiry on Iraq “disingenuous”.

Brown insisted when giving evidence to the inquiry on Friday that he had always provided military commanders with the equipment they requested. However, the two former chiefs argued that, while urgent operational requirements were always funded, the Treasury failed to maintain the MoD’s overall budget at a level needed to fight two wars.

In an interview today with BFBS, the forces’ broadcaster, the prime minister said: “I think they are wrong. To be honest, I don’t think it is appropriate for people to criticise us for not providing what we did provide. The urgent operational requirements that were asked for by our forces were always met.”

Guthrie, the first chief of the defence staff under New Labour, insisted today that Brown had been “unsympathetic” to military spending during his tenure as chancellor.

He told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme: “I think he was unsympathetic to defence. I think everybody who has had anything to do with defence thinks that. Particularly in the early days when he was chancellor and there was a lot of money in this country and he showered it on other departments but he didn’t give much to defence.

“I think nowadays the personal kit of people in Afghanistan, for instance, is better than it ever has been, but goodness it has taken some time to get there.”

He said attempts by Labour backbenchers to dismiss his concerns by calling him a Conservative was a “desperate act” and “rather cheap”.

Guthrie was at the centre of a Commons exchange between Brown and David Cameron yesterday that prompted several Labour voices to accuse him of being a Tory.

Guthrie told the Today programme: “I thought it was rather a desperate act and rather cheap. I don’t think everybody is a Tory. I certainly am a crossbencher and quite prepared to criticise anyone.”

Brown was also forced to respond to an accusation by Major that his visit to Afghanistan in the immediate wake of his appearance before the Chilcot inquiry last Friday and weeks ahead of a general election was “unbecoming conduct for a prime minister”.

Brown told BFBS: “I think that is an incredibly unfair accusation. I have gone to Afghanistan every year at this time for four years. I have visited Afghanistan eight times. People are making very politically loaded statements. I was doing my duty as prime minister, going to meet our forces. I wanted to thank our troops for what they had done.

“I find it quite unusual for people to criticise me for doing what I consider to be my duty. This is nothing to do with partisan politics. It is everything to do with wanting to assure our troops that they have the support and warm wishes of everybody in Britain and that we are absolutely confident they are doing the best job they can.”

In response to allegations that the government was slow to replace the soft-skinned Snatch Land Rover patrol vehicles, which are vulnerable to roadside bombs, Brown said that it was not known for some time in either Iraq or Afghanistan that enemy forces would use guerilla tactics, including homemade bombs, rather than facing allied troops in open battle.

“This happened in Iraq in about 2005-06 and it happened in Afghanistan a bit later,” he said.

“The moment people realised that this was the nature of the guerilla warfare that was going to be practised, Des Browne, the defence secretary, came to me and said we need to buy new vehicles and we approved those new vehicles immediately.”

The prime minister went on: “In 2006 we took a decision that we needed to do more and put about £90m in and bought Mastiffs and Ridgebacks. Then we decided to put out to competition a design for a light patrol vehicle and that is what we have done in the last few months.”

An inquest earlier this week into the deaths of four soldiers in Afghanistan in 2008 heard a string of criticisms over their equipment and training. Wiltshire and Swindon coroner David Masters pledged to raise his concerns with the Ministry of Defence.

He recorded unlawful killing verdicts for Corporal Sarah Bryant, 26, the first female casualty in Afghanistan, and special forces reservists Corporal Sean Robert Reeve, 28, Lance Corporal Richard Larkin, 39, and Private Paul Stout, 31, who died when their Snatch Land Rover hit a roadside bomb in June 2008.


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Response: Argentina’s claim to the Falklands is neither logical nor valid

Our large South American neighbour should not be allowed to force its colonial ambitions on us

Simon Jenkins fails to acknowledge that the Falklands have moved on (The Falklands can no longer remain as Britain’s expensive nuisance, 26 February). Argentina’s endeavours to force its colonial ambitions on a small country, against the freely expressed wishes of its people, ignore our basic right to self-determination.

“Anyone who studies the tortuous history and law of the Falklands will know that Argentina’s claim to the islands was certainly strong,” Jenkins says. But their claim to a territory 300 miles away is neither logical nor valid. Falklands inhabitants did not replace an indigenous population because there was none. The islands were claimed by Britain in 1765, long before Argentina existed as a country, and have been permanently settled since 1833. Some families, like mine, can now boast eight or nine generations on the islands. The Falklands are an overseas territory of the UK, with internal matters governed by a democratically elected legislative assembly, of which I am a member.

Jenkins talks of Argentina regularly protesting about their rights to the islands to “the UN’s decolonisation committee, supported by other post-imperial states in South and North America”. But the annual vote in this committee is a sham – the Islands are not a colony and the debate there is therefore an irrelevance. More relevant are the European convention on human rights and the international covenant on civil and political rights, both of which endorse the principles of self-determination.

We have repeatedly attempted to work with Argentina, and agreed a joint declaration on co-operation on oil exploration in 1995. This was renounced by Argentina in 2007. Co-operation on sustainable fisheries through a joint commission was a way for the Falklands and Argentina to conserve South Atlantic stocks through the exchange of scientific data and the setting of sustainable catch levels. Argentina not only withdrew from the commission but set unsustainably high quotas in some fish stocks.

Jenkins states that “Argentina has not threatened military action over the Ocean Guardian” (the oil rig currently drilling in our waters). But it is clear that our large neighbour is attempting to achieve by economic warfare what it failed to achieve by military means.

It has threatened sanctions against companies holding licences to fish in Falklands waters and tried to exclude our representatives from participating at international conferences. It prevents charter flights from other South American countries flying to the islands, and is now attempting to disrupt our oil exploration by threats to hinder shipping. These are hardly the acts of a friendly and peaceful neighbour.

We remain eternally grateful to those who liberated us from the Argentine aggression in 1982. By referring to that time as “the silliest of wars”, Jenkins insults their memory and diminishes their incredible achievement.

Jenkins believes us to be an “expensive legacy of Empire”. He should be aware that the Islands are self-financing – except for defence, which is purely because of the continued Argentine claim to my country. And our government has expressed the wish to contribute more to these costs, should oil be discovered in commercial quantities.


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Political posters used to be works of art. Today, they’re crass, ugly and sterile | Sam Leith

In 1909, the Labour party – then still in its infancy – had a fantastic election poster. The image had as its background a dusty silhouette of the Palace of Westminster, giving way to a horizontal wilderness of factory chimneys, whose smoke spilled into the tan air. In the foreground, a crew of beefy working men, all cloth caps and rolled sleeves and dark tunics, were smashing through the doors of the Lords with battering rams. “Labour clears the way,” ran the slogan.

Nowadays, the only reason Labour would be barging into the upper house would be to check the Pugin wallpaper and to claim their attendance allowances. But this was back when the Lords were blocking Lloyd George’s redistributive budget, and Labour was still young, in spirit and in fact.

By chance, the rumblings of this year’s election runup have coincided with the People’s History Museum in Manchester reopening after a two-year revamp. Its archive of posters and banners, including Labour Clears the Way, offers an interesting counterpoint. The archive is full of beautiful, intriguing things: a Tory poster showing a glum art deco Britannia presiding serenely over crates of colonial goods being unpacked on the docks; a vorticist-style Ban the Bomb poster with squadrons of red planes dropping exclamation marks; and an ad for the Co-op’s self-raising flour that would give the socialist realism of Stalin’s Russia a run for its money.

The thing is, many of these posters have an appeal as pieces of art, over and above their value as propaganda. The political posters of today seem a poor, sterile thing by comparison. You might put one in your window facing outwards, but you wouldn’t want to hang one on your wall facing inwards. In part, of course, old posters have an element of kitsch in their appeal; they’re a window to a lost world. But mostly, today’s political posters are just ugly. There are three reasons why.

The first is an evacuation of ideology – or, at least, a move away from it. Few posters now aim to symbolise an abstract idea, be it striking the chains from the workers’ wrists, or the glorious bounties of empire.

The second thing is the move towards negative campaigning. My objection to this is not the traditional one: that it debases politics. It’s that it makes the posters crass and forgettable. If your poster is a picture of the other guy, you don’t want to make it memorable or beautiful. You don’t want your enemy looking iconic. Hence, perhaps, the failure of the Tories’ 1997 posters. Given a choice between Demon Eyes and Four Eyes, people voted demon.

The third thing is the shift from screenprinting to (digitally altered) photographs. Political posters are not now about trying to establish an icon, a created image; they’re about fakey verite and larky deprecation. Is Thatcher hair on William Hague the most we can aspire to aesthetically?

There are exceptions. Take Shepard Fairey’s posters of Barack Obama: the line of the future president’s shoulders swell upwards from left to right, like his poll ratings. He’s staring up and over the viewer’s shoulder, above the horizon, towards what we can only presume is the future. The colour scheme is red, white and blue. The left side of the face is red, the middle pale, the right blue. There’s an implication – derived from the sunrise campaign logo he’s wearing on his lapel – that the rosy side of Obama’s face is bathed with the dawn towards which he’s looking.

But you could interpret the colour scheme more simply. This is America. I’m going to win the red states with this half of my face, the blue ones with this half, and the swing states with the end of my nose. Just watch me. What made this such a great modern political poster, though, was the fact that it was not really modern and not really a political poster. It wasn’t commissioned by the Obama campaign – although they got behind it when it went viral. It was the work of an artist, not an ad-man.

It was also a notably retro thing: a screenprint with a social-realist flavour. That chin-raised 1,000-yard stare has been a favourite with headscarved, broom-waving women and beefy-armed men ever since the first communist picked up a paintbrush.

Fairey’s example points the way forward: ie, back. So how about, this election, the three main political parties raise their game? Each could show its commitment to the arts by allowing an actual artist to design its posters: no fiddling around with Photoshop, no attack posters, just something with oomph and originality. That would get my vote.


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‘Yes or no?’ What kind of talk is that?

The Chilcot inquiry was pummelled by Gordon Brown, as words rained down like nutty slack down a coal hole

Talk about bullying! The Chilcot inquiry was pummelled by Gordon Brown, walloped and thumped as words rained down like nutty slack down a coal hole. Short questions would be greeted with replies of 300 words. Longer questions were met with disquisitions on the British constitution, the recent history of the Middle East and any other weapon the prime minister found lying around.

He had to be told to slow down; he was going too fast for the stenographer who, we assumed, was slumped unconscious on the floor. Brown takes the view that you need to say everything a dozen times. Then once more, in case there’s a hermit on Uist who hasn’t heard it yet. Plus one for luck.

It was like a grisly new Radio 4 game, Just A Century, perhaps, in which contestants have to speak for as long as possible while using maximum deviation and repetition. And statistics. He had files full of numbers which he hurled at the hapless panel. There was no hesitation. If he didn’t have an answer he deployed instant repetition, snapping: “it was the right decision taken for the right reasons,” which I counted five times before my own brain began to rattle in my skull, like a retired boxer.

He began with an encomium to those who died in Iraq. Unlike Tony Blair, who couldn’t bring himself to express regret. Was it a dig? I wouldn’t be so cynical. Then he told the committee the three main areas they should be focusing on. This made him the first witness to give them their instructions.

Next we were on to how much he knew about the war before it began. The answer was, everything and nothing. Why, he didn’t even know there was going to be a war until the last minute! He wasn’t on the relevant cabinet committees. Had he heard that Blair had promised full support to Bush? You don’t catch him that way! He flannelled. “I’m just trying for a yes or no,” said Sir Roderic Lyne.

“Yes or no?” What kind of talk is that? The prime minister treated it with a majestic ignoral. Instead he hammered on about the need for a diplomatic decision, all options to be considered …

Very well, had he known that the attorney-general’s advice had changed, from saying that the invasion was probably illegal to saying it was entirely pukka? To paraphrase the prime minister’s reply, it was: “I didn’t know nuffink. And I’ll tell you nuffink till my brief arrives.”

Then they got onto the big accusation, that lives had been lost because he had not provided enough money for military equipment. He got round that one by means of a cunning plan: he denied it. Several dozen times. Not one single request from the brass had been ignored! There had been a dumper truck full of money round at the MoD, tailgate open, with Brown asking them please to “say when”.

They had even had a military chap round at the Treasury itself telling them what they wanted. “Anything under £10m was agreed without there having to be a process.” I thought that there must be a dozen other departments crazed with envy when they heard that.

Finally it was over. The panel reeled out, possibly to call an anti-bullying hotline and grass him up.


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‘Yes or no?’ What kind of talk is that?

The Chilcot inquiry was pummelled by Gordon Brown, as words rained down like nutty slack down a coal hole

Talk about bullying! The Chilcot inquiry was pummelled by Gordon Brown, walloped and thumped as words rained down like nutty slack down a coal hole. Short questions would be greeted with replies of 300 words. Longer questions were met with disquisitions on the British constitution, the recent history of the Middle East and any other weapon the prime minister found lying around.

He had to be told to slow down; he was going too fast for the stenographer who, we assumed, was slumped unconscious on the floor. Brown takes the view that you need to say everything a dozen times. Then once more, in case there’s a hermit on Uist who hasn’t heard it yet. Plus one for luck.

It was like a grisly new Radio 4 game, Just A Century, perhaps, in which contestants have to speak for as long as possible while using maximum deviation and repetition. And statistics. He had files full of numbers which he hurled at the hapless panel. There was no hesitation. If he didn’t have an answer he deployed instant repetition, snapping: “it was the right decision taken for the right reasons,” which I counted five times before my own brain began to rattle in my skull, like a retired boxer.

He began with an encomium to those who died in Iraq. Unlike Tony Blair, who couldn’t bring himself to express regret. Was it a dig? I wouldn’t be so cynical. Then he told the committee the three main areas they should be focusing on. This made him the first witness to give them their instructions.

Next we were on to how much he knew about the war before it began. The answer was, everything and nothing. Why, he didn’t even know there was going to be a war until the last minute! He wasn’t on the relevant cabinet committees. Had he heard that Blair had promised full support to Bush? You don’t catch him that way! He flannelled. “I’m just trying for a yes or no,” said Sir Roderic Lyne.

“Yes or no?” What kind of talk is that? The prime minister treated it with a majestic ignoral. Instead he hammered on about the need for a diplomatic decision, all options to be considered …

Very well, had he known that the attorney-general’s advice had changed, from saying that the invasion was probably illegal to saying it was entirely pukka? To paraphrase the prime minister’s reply, it was: “I didn’t know nuffink. And I’ll tell you nuffink till my brief arrives.”

Then they got onto the big accusation, that lives had been lost because he had not provided enough money for military equipment. He got round that one by means of a cunning plan: he denied it. Several dozen times. Not one single request from the brass had been ignored! There had been a dumper truck full of money round at the MoD, tailgate open, with Brown asking them please to “say when”.

They had even had a military chap round at the Treasury itself telling them what they wanted. “Anything under £10m was agreed without there having to be a process.” I thought that there must be a dozen other departments crazed with envy when they heard that.

Finally it was over. The panel reeled out, possibly to call an anti-bullying hotline and grass him up.


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Every request from military for Iraq war was granted, Brown tells Chilcot

PM says he did not deny forces equipment while chancellor and expresses regret over US failings in planning

Britain’s military commanders were granted every request they made for equipment in the Iraq war, Gordon Brown declared today as he mounted a strong defence of his record as chancellor.

Amid widespread criticism that he risked the lives of soldiers by resisting requests from the military top brass, Brown told the Iraq inquiry that he issued orders for the Treasury to meet every application for equipment.

The prime minister told the inquiry: “If you look at the question of expenditure in Iraq you have got to start from the one fundamental truth: that every request that the military commanders made to us for equipment was answered. No request was ever turned down.”

Brown, who revealed that a total of £8bn was spent on Britain’s six-year occupation of Iraq on top of the planned defence budget, said that he made clear to Tony Blair before the start of the war in 2003 that “financial restraint” would not be used to stop the military doing what was best.

“I told [Tony Blair] I would not – and this was right at the beginning – try to rule out any military option on the grounds of cost. Quite the opposite. He should feel free, because this was the right course of action, to discuss the military option that was best for our country and the one that would yield the best results. We understood that some options were more expensive than others but we should accept the option that is right for our country.”

Brown, who was accused today by the former chief of the defence staff Lord Guthrie of costing the lives of soldiers by “not fully funding the army”, was asked three questions raised by relatives of some of the 179 British service personnel killed during the conflict.

Sir Lawrence Freedman, the historian and inquiry member, read out the questions:

• Were you aware of concerns about the lack of armoured vehicles?

• Did you receive any requests for funding, particularly between 1997 and 2006, for the purchase of armoured vehicles?

• Were concerns raised with you about the use of Snatch Land Rovers?

The prime minister replied: “I do understand the concerns of every relative. Where there has been a death in conflict it is right that we give the fullest explanation possible.

“At every point the answer to the question is: for the operation we are undertaking we have the equipment and we have the resources that are necessary. I don’t believe that any prime minister would send our troops into conflict without the assurance from the military that they had the equipment necessary for the operation. I do not believe that there was any request that was made for equipment during the course of these events in Iraq that was turned down.”

Brown highlighted the request by the Ministry of Defence in 2006 for additional vehicles when the Shia insurgency intensified in the Basra area. “The first time a request was made we met it immediately with £90m,” Brown said of the way in which new Mastiff and Bulldog armoured vehicles were sent to Iraq within six months.

Under strong questioning about military funding from Freedman and the inquiry chairman, Sir John Chilcot, Brown said that defence spending rose in real terms during the last decade. He also launched a strong defence of “resource accounting” – the controversial process to take account of depreciation in which cash is released to government departments if they make more efficient use of their assets.

Spending negotiations

The prime minister was dismissive of a claim by the MoD that in 2004, when it was due to receive a 3.6% increase in its budget, it should be given an extra £1.3bn on the basis of efficiency savings. “We said it was very unlikely that during the course of a few months the efficiencies gained by the use of assets had come to £1.3bn. The MoD were planning to spend 9% additional cash that year. We had allocated 3.6%. If we had allowed every department to do what the MoD was doing then we would have had an extra cost of £12bn, which would be the equivalent to raising income tax by 3p in the pound.”

In the final section on funding, Brown was dismissive of General Lord Walker of Aldringham, the former chief of the defence staff, who told the inquiry that Britain’s military chiefs nearly resigned in a row over funding after the war. Brown read out a letter from Walker following the 2004 financial settlement.

“Although the settlement is tight I shall be able to make it clear that the chiefs have been the architects of the modernisation plans and they are not the result of inadequate funding,” Walker wrote.

The former defence chief had told the inquiry he was particularly unhappy about a 38% shortfall in the helicopter fleet at the time. Brown said that in 2005, new Lynx helicopters were ordered while additional Merlins were bought and Chinooks have been modified.

“I have to tell you the helicopter budget is £6bn over the next 10 years. We have a helicopter fleet of over 500 helicopters. It is the biggest in western Europe. I do not accept that we have not funded our helicopter programme.”

Brown expressed strong reservations about the failure of the Bush administration to heed warnings from Britain about the need to prepare for the postwar reconstruction of Iraq.

“It is one of my regrets that I wasn’t able to be more successful in pushing the Americans further on this issue – that the planning for reconstruction was essential just at the same time as the planning for war if the diplomatic avenue failed. We were working on reconstruction and what might be done – the search for a just peace – early on. We had a paper in September [2002]. When it came to March [2003] we had a special cabinet meeting. We discussed the reconstruction issues.”

Brown made clear that he was highly suspicious of senior figures in the US administration who dismissed the need to make plans for the postwar period on the grounds that Iraqis would rejoice at the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. Donald Rumsfeld, the former US defence secretary, famously said US troops would be greeted with flowers.

“I never subscribed to what you might call the neo-conservative proposition: that somehow, at the barrel of a gun, overnight liberty or democracy could be conjured up. What I believed was that the case for intervention was that international law had to be observed.”

Diplomacy

Brown, who said it was right to launch military action when exhaustive diplomatic efforts failed, strongly defended his predecessor, who had kept him “fully informed” about developments in the run-up to the invasion in 2003.

“The efforts that Tony Blair and Jack Straw made in putting our case to other countries and putting our case to the UN – they should not be faulted because they tried everything in their power to avoid war. When I spoke at the cabinet the day before the parliamentary vote I was very clear that we had to exhaust all diplomatic avenues before we conclude it was inevitable or impossible to avoid a decision about war. These diplomatic avenues were being tried right up to the last minute.”


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Right war, right reasons: day Gordon Brown came clean on Iraq

Prime minister tells Chilcot inquiry Tony Blair did ‘everything properly’ and rejects criticisms over equipment

Gordon Brown took a major political gamble today by describing Tony Blair’s decision to go to war in Iraq as “the right decision for the right reasons” and insisting that “everything that Mr Blair did during this period, he did properly”.

Dogged by a reputation for disowning unpopular decisions, Brown used his appearance at the Chilcot inquiry into the Iraq war to deliver a firm defence of Britain joining the US-led invasion, a decision taken and executed when Blair was prime minister and Brown was chancellor.

In his most prolonged inquisition on Iraq since the invasion seven years ago, Brown accepted he had been fully involved in the run-up to the invasion, underlined the gravity of going to war, praised the military and, unlike Blair, expressed his sadness at the huge loss of civilian life in Iraq. His only major equivocation was regret at the way in which he had failed to persuade the Americans to handle the aftermath differently.

Brown’s decision to ally himself with Blair’s war, if not the American neo-cons’ conduct, may lose him support from those that believed he privately opposed the war, but his aides reckoned he would be more damaged if he was seen to be making a calculating decision to distance himself from a war he funded .

In four hours of testimony shorn of the electricity surrounding Blair’s grilling a month ago, he also risked the wrath of military top brass and bereaved families by firmly rejecting criticism that he deprived the armed forces of equipment. “The one fundamental truth,” he said, was “that every requirement made to us by military commanders was answered; no request was ever turned down”.

Justifying the war, he said: “We will be seen as a generation that had to deal with a post-cold war era in which we had both terrorism and aggressor states like Iraq.”

He described Iraq as “a persistent serial violator” of 14 international UN resolutions. “We cannot have an international community that works if either we have terrorists breaking the rules, or in this case aggressor states that refuse to obey the laws of the international community.”

But in a broadside against Donald Rumsfeld, the then US defence secretary, he said: “I never subscribed to what you might call the neo-conservative proposition: that somehow, at the barrel of a gun, overnight liberty or democracy could be conjured up.”

On spending, Brown bombarded his inquisitors with statistics, claiming he had to rein in the MoD in late 2003 when its budget management spiralled “out of control”.

Requests for heavily armoured military vehicles, replacing Snatch vehicles, were met immediately in 2006 at a cost of £90m with new, more heavily armoured replacements. “I have to stress it is not for me to make the military decisions on the ground about the use of particular vehicles,” Brown said. The total cost of the war was £8bn, he said, presenting the Treasury with real problems.

Nick Clegg, the Liberal Democrat leader, said: “This was the day Gordon Brown finally had to come clean and admit that he believes the Iraq war was right. How can we trust a man who still believes that this illegal war and all the horror it has caused was right?”

Brown also disclosed:

• He had not seen the private correspondence on the war between President Bush and Blair, but did not expect to.

• He was not informed of the attorney general Lord Goldsmith’s initial doubts about the legality of invasion, but said constitutionally the cabinet only needed to be informed of his ultimate view.

• He did not see the Iraq options papers drawn up in the Foreign Office in March 2002 and was only brought into serious conversation on an invasion in June 2002 by which time the analytical framework was set.

• He criticised the excessive informality that had characterised decision making in the run-up to the war, and implicitly criticised parliament being given the chance to vote on the war only after the cabinet made its own decision.

• He met the intelligence agencies five times on Iraq starting in February 2002, but only discovered after the war the extent to which they were dependent on the same unreliable sources.

Although he portrayed himself as a man looking at the financial implications of the war, as opposed to a frontline figure in the diplomacy, he agreed he had been in the loop. “I did not at any point feel that I lacked the information that was necessary,” he said. He denied there had ever been a conspiracy to go to war regardless, saying: “Right up to the last minute, right up to the last weekend, I think many of us were hopeful that the diplomatic route would succeed.”

Brown admitted he only prepared a paper on postwar reconstruction for the Americans after a cabinet committee 11 days before the invasion. He said: “I cannot take personal responsibility for everything that went wrong, It is one of my regrets that I was not able to be more successful on pushing the Americans … that the planning for reconstruction was essential, just the same as planning for the war.”


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Here at the inquiry, even Saddam would come up smelling of roses

No question discomfited Gordon Brown and he gave nothing away. You can see why witnesses have come to love Chilcot

Would he flip? Would the new, passionate, anguish-ridden Gordon Brown lose his head on his first outing to Chilcot-land? Reincarnated as the patron saint of psychoanalysis, would he bully everyone and throw his water glass at the chairman?

The answer was no. For over four hours Brown was formidable, positioning himself as unshakeably close to his old boss, Tony Blair, yet not so close as to share any blame that might attach to him. No question discomfited him and he gave nothing away. You can see why witnesses have come to love Chilcot. Donald Rumsfeld should offer to attend. Here Saddam himself would smell of roses.

Brown’s first coup was to reverse Blair’s awful parting gesture in January when he refused to express any regret to bereaved families sitting right behind him. Lobbed a soft ball from Chilcot, the prime minister affirmed that the invasion was “the right decision and for the right reasons,” but graciously offered sympathy and respect to soldiers and civilians who had died. He repeated this at the end. Unlike Blair he was not followed by boos from the audience.

Chilcot hearings are universally dull, obsessed with Whitehall procedure and epitomised by Lady Prashar’s habit of asking questions signalling their own answers.

Was Iraq really a threat to Britain? What could Brown say but yes? Did he really think there were weapons of mass destruction? Yes, he was told so. Was he really in the Downing Street loop? Yes. Did he starve the troops of money? No. The paint dried.

Chilcot’s supposed hard man, Sir Roderic Lyne, was hardly more successful, though he did open chinks between Blair and Brown. To Blair, Saddam was an immediate threat that he and George Bush had to eliminate at once.

Eschewing such nonsense, Brown described Saddam as not so much a threat as a test of the much-vaunted international community. The dictator was “a serial violator of international law”. Having “exhausted the diplomatic route,” said Brown, “the international community had to act.”

The committee’s lack of forensic skill was glaring. Nobody asked the obvious rejoinder, that the Iraq invasion was made in defiance of the international community. It ignored UN principles on regime change and pre-empted the weapons inspecting regime. It was not sanctioned by the UN and was opposed by most of Europe. Small wonder Brown began smiling, a lot.

If we learned little new about the war, we did learn of Brown’s skill at positioning. He was strangely “not aware of” private letters between Blair and Bush committing Britain to war. He did not know of the attorney-general’s doubts about legality, only that in cabinet “the legal advice was unequivocal”. He regretted one thing, the failure of reconstruction, but that was the Americans’ fault.

Nor did Brown hear of the personal anguish that reportedly afflicted Robin Cook, Jack Straw and Lord Goldsmith. Going to war, he said, was “the gravest decision of all”, but it was not one that seems to have caused this deeply emotional man to lose sleep. War was not his department. He was always in the loop but never in the lead.

The committee saved to the afternoon the vexed topic on which Brown’s military critics had spent the previous day savaging him, the claimed lack of armoured cars and helicopters. There was no joy here. Brown had stressed during the military build-up that “no option should be ruled out on grounds that it would be too costly”. Thereafter, he said, “every single request that military commanders made to us for equipment was answered. No request was ever turned down.” He repeated this over and again.

When reinforced vehicles were first requested, in 2006, they were immediately approved at a cost of £90m. It was not true that defence was being cut during the war: the extra annual cost of £1bn since 2003 was “on top of a rising defence budget”. When the Commons defence committee said there was a 30% gap between needs and availability of helicopters, “the Ministry of Defence said they had enough”.

Brown was not invited to comment on the lobbying by the army against him, which noticeably began only when it faced defeat in Iraq – and Afghanistan. But then everyone at Chilcot is polite about everyone. At the end Sir John felt moved to reassure Brown that “life in Iraq is now incomparably improved on what it was under Saddam”. No one asked, better for whom? Brown just smiled. It was oh so cosy.


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Here at the inquiry, even Saddam would come up smelling of roses

No question discomfited Gordon Brown and he gave nothing away. You can see why witnesses have come to love Chilcot

Would he flip? Would the new, passionate, anguish-ridden Gordon Brown lose his head on his first outing to Chilcot-land? Reincarnated as the patron saint of psychoanalysis, would he bully everyone and throw his water glass at the chairman?

The answer was no. For over four hours Brown was formidable, positioning himself as unshakeably close to his old boss, Tony Blair, yet not so close as to share any blame that might attach to him. No question discomfited him and he gave nothing away. You can see why witnesses have come to love Chilcot. Donald Rumsfeld should offer to attend. Here Saddam himself would smell of roses.

Brown’s first coup was to reverse Blair’s awful parting gesture in January when he refused to express any regret to bereaved families sitting right behind him. Lobbed a soft ball from Chilcot, the prime minister affirmed that the invasion was “the right decision and for the right reasons,” but graciously offered sympathy and respect to soldiers and civilians who had died. He repeated this at the end. Unlike Blair he was not followed by boos from the audience.

Chilcot hearings are universally dull, obsessed with Whitehall procedure and epitomised by Lady Prashar’s habit of asking questions signalling their own answers.

Was Iraq really a threat to Britain? What could Brown say but yes? Did he really think there were weapons of mass destruction? Yes, he was told so. Was he really in the Downing Street loop? Yes. Did he starve the troops of money? No. The paint dried.

Chilcot’s supposed hard man, Sir Roderic Lyne, was hardly more successful, though he did open chinks between Blair and Brown. To Blair, Saddam was an immediate threat that he and George Bush had to eliminate at once.

Eschewing such nonsense, Brown described Saddam as not so much a threat as a test of the much-vaunted international community. The dictator was “a serial violator of international law”. Having “exhausted the diplomatic route,” said Brown, “the international community had to act.”

The committee’s lack of forensic skill was glaring. Nobody asked the obvious rejoinder, that the Iraq invasion was made in defiance of the international community. It ignored UN principles on regime change and pre-empted the weapons inspecting regime. It was not sanctioned by the UN and was opposed by most of Europe. Small wonder Brown began smiling, a lot.

If we learned little new about the war, we did learn of Brown’s skill at positioning. He was strangely “not aware of” private letters between Blair and Bush committing Britain to war. He did not know of the attorney-general’s doubts about legality, only that in cabinet “the legal advice was unequivocal”. He regretted one thing, the failure of reconstruction, but that was the Americans’ fault.

Nor did Brown hear of the personal anguish that reportedly afflicted Robin Cook, Jack Straw and Lord Goldsmith. Going to war, he said, was “the gravest decision of all”, but it was not one that seems to have caused this deeply emotional man to lose sleep. War was not his department. He was always in the loop but never in the lead.

The committee saved to the afternoon the vexed topic on which Brown’s military critics had spent the previous day savaging him, the claimed lack of armoured cars and helicopters. There was no joy here. Brown had stressed during the military build-up that “no option should be ruled out on grounds that it would be too costly”. Thereafter, he said, “every single request that military commanders made to us for equipment was answered. No request was ever turned down.” He repeated this over and again.

When reinforced vehicles were first requested, in 2006, they were immediately approved at a cost of £90m. It was not true that defence was being cut during the war: the extra annual cost of £1bn since 2003 was “on top of a rising defence budget”. When the Commons defence committee said there was a 30% gap between needs and availability of helicopters, “the Ministry of Defence said they had enough”.

Brown was not invited to comment on the lobbying by the army against him, which noticeably began only when it faced defeat in Iraq – and Afghanistan. But then everyone at Chilcot is polite about everyone. At the end Sir John felt moved to reassure Brown that “life in Iraq is now incomparably improved on what it was under Saddam”. No one asked, better for whom? Brown just smiled. It was oh so cosy.


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Gordon Brown is at his best with his back to the wall – as he was today at the Chilcot inquiry | Michael White

This was Good Gordon as opposed to Bad Brown: firm in his views, unwavering in asserting that the cabinet had been right to back the war – and that he had never let the army down

Amazing. It is an old Westminster cliche that Gordon Brown is best when his back is pressed against the wall, a political dagger at his throat. So it has been today during his two public sessions before the Chilcot inquiry panel.

For days now voters have been inundated with stories about Bad Brown, the panicky, self-pitying bully described by Andrew Rawnsley in his new book, The End of the Party. I can recognise that picture. But I also know his alter ego, Good Gordon, the intelligent master of detail, the man whose poll ratings are rising against the odds.

It was Good Gordon whom we all saw on TV today, ducking and weaving to be sure, sidestepping awkward questions, but firm in his views, unwavering in asserting that the cabinet had been right to back the war in 2003 – and that he had never let down the army in the field, let alone undermined the MoD’s budget at a time of war.

It was an impressive performance for any voters still listening, one that might push a few votes back across the Labour line except among those now convinced that Brown’s meanness cost British lives in and around Basra. Here’s what my old American colleague Michael Goldfarb, late of NPR, is filing today from London.

It is hard to judge for certain how Brown’s performance will play but I suspect it will earn him grudging admiration. He does look a weightier more intelligent figure than [David] Cameron — although Cameron is youthful, full of vitality and has that most important quality, likability.

So what did he say? What he did not say was more important. He did not dump on Tony Blair and it was naive of anyone to think he might. They were in this together, even if it was Tony’s war. He did venture to express disappointment that, as chancellor, he could not get the Americans to take the post-war reconstruction of Iraq more seriously. Was that an implied reproach to Blair? I could not tell.

At one point Brown said something along the lines of: “I never subscribed to the neocon proposition that over the barrel of a gun, overnight, liberty and democracy could be conjured up.” Well, no one said he did – and not even the neocons can now claim to have got it right. It was a dreadful error. Would Tony Blair have put it that way? Perhaps not.

Right at the start Brown did correct one error made by Blair when he gave evidence last month. The war was the right war fought for the right reasons – to uphold the international order against a rogue state that had persistently defied it, he repeatedly stressed. Saddam Hussein’s removal stemmed from that – but he wished to express regret for the loss of life and limb that it had entailed.

What was striking was that Brown had done his homework. He knew the outline of the run-up to war, though only Blair and Robin Cook – who resigned on the eve of war – saw all the paperwork. Cook believed that sanctions and the no-fly zone made up the better strategy to force Saddam to comply. But Brown did not.

Britain had tried to achieve a diplomatic result right to the end, but it failed. Ex-diplomat Sir Roderick Lyne, the best interrogator on the Chilcot panel, pressed him hard and often. Had he known that the attorney general Lord Goldsmith’s “unequivocal” advice that the war was legal had been less unequivocal a few weeks earlier?

No, but the legal advice was only one factor in the decision to invade. There are lessons to be learned, not least that the Commons should know more and vote on future wars. That is a typical Brown piety. In reality MPs were consulted and given the intelligence case – which turned out to be single-sourced, he conceded today – before voting. His own commitment to strengthen the Commons is only now being implemented.

Crucially, he was willing, if not keen, to back the Blair line that Jacques Chirac would never have sanctioned a war in the UN security council – a claim denied in Paris. Voters can surely take either view on the evidence and the record. Brown said the world community must “send a message to dictators around the world” that they will not get away with it.

Yes, I know, selective indignation that turns a blind – or powerless – eye to many other offences against good order and humanity. But selective indignation is not confined to those who endorse global interventions – Tony Blair’s Chicago doctrine – as Brown did today. Critics are pretty selective too and – not for the first time – Lyne’s hindsighted attacks seemed to reflect a diplomatic cultural preference for risk-free inaction.

What will be interesting as Brown’s testimony is pored over this weekend is whether or not the military and those angry families of dead soldiers – by no means all the families – accept his emphatic assurances that he backed the armed forces with Treasury funds for whatever they asked for.

Armoured cars, helicopters, kit … he rattled off the figures and the technical names with impressive fluency. The MoD budget had been increased year after year – and the two wars in Iraq and Afghanistan had been funded on top of that. There was an implication here that the MoD was pretty incompetent in its equipment procurement policies. If every department was allowed to get away with what it gets away with income tax would shoot up, he said.

Battles between generals and their civilian masters are as old as warfare. Brown is known to have been unsympathetic to the forces as chancellor. Those who say he appreciates them better in 2010 saw their case borne out yesterday. Lynx helicopters had been bought from Denmark, extra Chinooks from the US, their blades different from those needed in Afghanistan.

Much of the testimony was bland. Lessons must be learned, he kept repeating. There should, for instance, be a UN reconstruction agency to prevent repetition of past errors – though the Sunni-led insurgency, al-Qaida and Iran had made it harder. No, the Brits had not retreated in total disarray from Basra. The future for Iraq is already better.

Will it do Brown any good with voters? Perhaps not, but he made no gaffes and sounded like the man in charge. He even smiled at the right moments. It can hardly have done him harm.


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